Refratechnik Steel - Converter concepts
print view - Converter concepts
09.02.2012 - 09:53 clock
The selection of refractory products for a converter lining requires an intensive study of the operating conditions at our customers` plants.
In this case, it is also necessary to take into account the installation conditions, the state of the converter and the time frame of the lining.
Different areas of the lining exhibit different combinations of various causes of wear. Thermal, chemical and/or mechanical wear are the main causes of wear.
In this case, it is also necessary to take into account the installation conditions, the state of the converter and the time frame of the lining.
Different areas of the lining exhibit different combinations of various causes of wear. Thermal, chemical and/or mechanical wear are the main causes of wear.
Bottom
By bottom purging/bath agitation, wear to the refractory material is caused by erosion. Highly abrasion resistant materials are used. Sometimes, mechanical wear is caused during charging. Good repair options, particulary with self-flowing hot repair mixes, e.g. REFRATECT® G5.
Bottom joint
The joint between sidewall and floor is rammed with castables which must develop very high strengths (REFRARAM®).
Lower cone
See bottom. Additional high mechanical load by mounting of the construction of the sidewall onto the bottom. It is more complicated to repair the lower cone below the trunnion. In this case, gunning mixes have to be used.
Trunnion
Maximum temperature load. There is no way of slag-coating this area. Materials showing a high slag resistance and thermal conductivity are used. Typically, this is the most critical area of a lining, with the highest demands on the refractory lining. Maintenance of this area can only be carried out using gunning mixes.
Scrap metal impact
High mechanical load as a result of the charging process. The refractory lining is required to be of high strength and have a high degree of fracture elasticity. At peak load, materials with steel fibres are used. Good maintenance options with self-flowing hot repair mixes.
By bottom purging/bath agitation, wear to the refractory material is caused by erosion. Highly abrasion resistant materials are used. Sometimes, mechanical wear is caused during charging. Good repair options, particulary with self-flowing hot repair mixes, e.g. REFRATECT® G5.
Bottom joint
The joint between sidewall and floor is rammed with castables which must develop very high strengths (REFRARAM®).
Lower cone
See bottom. Additional high mechanical load by mounting of the construction of the sidewall onto the bottom. It is more complicated to repair the lower cone below the trunnion. In this case, gunning mixes have to be used.
Trunnion
Maximum temperature load. There is no way of slag-coating this area. Materials showing a high slag resistance and thermal conductivity are used. Typically, this is the most critical area of a lining, with the highest demands on the refractory lining. Maintenance of this area can only be carried out using gunning mixes.
Scrap metal impact
High mechanical load as a result of the charging process. The refractory lining is required to be of high strength and have a high degree of fracture elasticity. At peak load, materials with steel fibres are used. Good maintenance options with self-flowing hot repair mixes.
Slag lines
There are 3 slag lines in the converter, the slag line for the blowing process, the slag line for sampling/slagging off and the slag line at the tap. The overlapping of these lines is described as slag crosses. In this case, materials with a high slag resistance and high strength are used.
Remaining sidewalls
Comparatively moderate thermal slag attack.
Tapping cupel
High abrasion caused by the high flow rate of the steel at the tap. Due to permanent repairs of the tap, the area is subjected to mechanical loads.
Tap-hole area/mouth
High mechanical loads occur during frequent formation of skull and corresponding cleaning of the converter mouth. A high degree of strength at a broad temperature interval is required. Optionally, specific structural solutions, e.g. mouth blocks, are used.
Tap
The refractory material must exhibit maximum abrasion resistance.
Permanent lining
The permanent lining should survive several charges of the working lining. The permanent lining is particularly required to show good emergency operation characteristics.
There are 3 slag lines in the converter, the slag line for the blowing process, the slag line for sampling/slagging off and the slag line at the tap. The overlapping of these lines is described as slag crosses. In this case, materials with a high slag resistance and high strength are used.
Remaining sidewalls
Comparatively moderate thermal slag attack.
Tapping cupel
High abrasion caused by the high flow rate of the steel at the tap. Due to permanent repairs of the tap, the area is subjected to mechanical loads.
Tap-hole area/mouth
High mechanical loads occur during frequent formation of skull and corresponding cleaning of the converter mouth. A high degree of strength at a broad temperature interval is required. Optionally, specific structural solutions, e.g. mouth blocks, are used.
Tap
The refractory material must exhibit maximum abrasion resistance.
Permanent lining
The permanent lining should survive several charges of the working lining. The permanent lining is particularly required to show good emergency operation characteristics.
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